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What is the cause of diabetes?
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A:(1)genetic factors
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have significant genetic heterogeneity.Diabetes has a familial tendency,with 1/4 to 1/2 patients with a family history of diabetes.Clinically,there are at least 60 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Type 1 diabetes has multiple DNA loci involved in the pathogenesis,among which DQ loci polymorphism is the most closely related in HLA antigen gene.Many specific gene mutations have been found in type 2 diabetes,such as insulin gene,insulin receptor gene,glucose kinase gene and mitochondrial gene.
(2)environmental factors
Obesity caused by overeating and decreased physical activity is the most important environmental factor in type 2 diabetes,making individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes more likely to develop the disease.Type 1 diabetes patients have abnormal immune system,and some viruses,such as coxsackie virus,rubella virus,parotid virus,etc.,cause autoimmune response and destroy insulin cells.